Global Coal Consumption Heads for Biggest Decline in History

Coal consumption is poised for its biggest decline in history, driven by China’s battle against pollution, economic reforms and its efforts to promote renewable energy.



Global use of the most polluting fuel fell 2.3 percent to 4.6 percent in the first nine months of 2015 from the same period last year, according to a report released Monday by the environmental group Greenpeace. That’s a decline of as much as 180 million tons of standard coal, 40 million tons more than Japan used in the same period.

[http://www.fool.com/ecap/the_motley_fool/buffett-threat/?psource=esatab7410860178&utm_campaign=buffettthreat-intl&campaign=the-motley-fool&utm_term=bloomberg&paid=8484&waid=8482&utm_medium=contentmarketing&utm_source=taboola&wsource=esatab7410860179&cellId=0&testId=buffett-threat]

ACRRA

The Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority (ACRA) is the national regulator of business entities and public accountants in Singapore. ACRA also plays the role of a facilitator for the development of business entities and the public accountancy profession.

[https://www.acra.gov.sg/about_Acra/]

esdm

Visi dan Misi

VISI

Terwujudnya pengelolaan sumber daya mineral, batubara, panas bumi, dan air tanah yang berkelanjutan dan berwawasan lingkungan untuk memberikan manfaat yang sebesar-besarnya bagi kemakmuran rakyat.

MISI

1. Melaksanakan pembangunan di bidang mineral, batubara, panas bumi, dan air tanah dengan memberikan manfaat dan nilai tambah yang optimal.
2. Mewujudkan sumber daya manusia yang profesional, berdaya saing tinggi, dan bermoral dalam lingkungan global.
3. Meningkatkan pembinaan kualitas penyelenggaraan personil, pendanaan, prasarana, dan dokumen.
4. Mewujudkan Direktorat Jende

[http://www.esdm.go.id/directorate-general-of-mineral-and-coal/contact.html]

Black Mineral

Currently Asia Strategic Mining Corporation has been identified as one of the promising Coal Mining company in Singapore which has potential to expand in Indonesia.

Black Mineral provides a platform for the man on the street with direct access in coal mining. This out of the box and most of all a safe solution to partake in this lucrative coal mining industry without the need of complex responsibilities saves tremendous time and effort for the smart and savvy funders. Many funders are taking advantage of this opportunity for saving plans, family trust funds and personal pensions.

 [http://blackmineral.com.sg/funding-opportunity]

China tighted Coal Import -Wood Mackenzie

Australia's struggling coal miners need to brace for several more years of low prices before the current glut in supply is absorbed, with the risk things get worse before they get better as China may impose even tougher import restrictions, according to consultancy Wood Mackenzie.

Read more: http://www.smh.com.au/business/energy/china-may-further-toughen-restrictions-on-coal-imports-wood-mackenzie-says-20150727-giltfv.html#ixzz3sHdZlXh2
Follow us: @smh on Twitter | sydneymorningherald on Facebook

China Coal Import dropped by 17 % in August 2015

* Imports from Jan to Aug down 31.3 pct on year* Currency devaluation erodes competitiveness of imports
* Exports rise 29.3 percent (Adds detail, background)
BEIJING, Sept 8 China, the world's largest coal buyer, imported 17.49 million tonnes of the fuel in August, down 17.7 percent from July, with already weak demand affected by a currency devaluation that made foreign coal more expensive.

Read more at Reutershttp://www.reuters.com/article/2015/09/08/china-economy-trade-coal-idUSL4N11E1P920150908#OYrMDZu6MUC4QDeg.99

 

 

Global thermal coal long-term outlook H1 2015

Coal consumption is under pressure. In developing economies, coal demand continues to grow but more slowly than in the past. In China, environmental policy, domestic protectionism, weaker economic growth and structural change in the economy caused the arrival of "peak coal" last year in coastal regions.

Meanwhile, western economies continue to transition away from coal. Seaborne providers are adapting. Low oil prices, mining productivity improvements  and FOREX changes are helping miners adapt.

[http://www.woodmac.com/reports/coal-global-thermal-coal-long-term-outlook-h1-2015-29372108]

Global thermal coal short-term outlook October 2015

Global coal markets are facing extraordinary challenges and uncertainties. Factors such as global overcapacity, weakening demand and falling prices have created cautious investors. These factors have caused delays and cancellations of many mine and infrastructure projects, as well as lower growth rates at others.

[http://www.woodmac.com/reports/coal-global-thermal-coal-short-term-outlook-october-2015-33766108]

5 Simple Reasons Why Coal Will Stay in Perpetual Demand

Coal is the energy source of choice in China, one of the fastest and largest developing countries. China has no alternative to coal, as its Liquefied Natural Gas (LPG) imports cost significantly more than coal, and renewable energy sources cannot provide for its base load power.

According to the IEA, coal is set to surpass gas in South East Asia. ASEAN nations have energy demand growing at more than twice the global average, and will get 49% of their power from coal by 2035.
Energy consultancy firm Wood Mackenzie has predicted that coal will surpass oil as the key fuel for the global economy, by 2020.

Even with China out of the equation, most developed countries are still dependent on coal. The United States Department of Energy projects US coal consumption will increase by 8% from 2012 to 2040. German utilities in 2014 have switched focus away from natural gas, solar, and wind power to cheap coal.

Based on levelized costs, coal remains the cheapest energy source available, until such time that renewable sources (solar, wind, hydro) are advanced enough to be competitively priced.

[http://asmc.com.sg/industry-insights/market-trends]

Asia Strategic Mining Corporation (ASMC)

Asia Strategic Mining Corporation (ASMC) is a mining and energy company that provides customised solutions. We recognise that everyone's needs are different, and that every solution has to be different as well. No matter how large, small, simple or complicated your project, we have the experience and innovative edge to deliver an efficient solution.

We are based in Singapore and are committed to the principles of responsible mining, integrity, teamwork, and respect for the environment. Beyond mining, our expertise includes exploration, trading, and mineral processing.

[http://asmc.com.sg/our-philosophy]

List of coal fired power stations in Indonesia

Bituminous coal or lignite

Existing

Note: IPP means independent power producer

Power station	Operator	Location	District	Province	Sector	Region	Capacity per unit (MW)	Installed capacity (MW)	Notes	Coordinates	Refs
Bangka Belitung 3 coal-fired	PT. BMP (IPP)	Air Anyir	Bangka	Bangka Belitung	Government	Sumatera	2 x 30	60
Bukit Asam coal-fired	PT. PLN	Tanjung Enim	Muara Enim	South Sumatra	Government	Sumatra	4 x 65	260	Boiler from Stein, Turbines from Rateau and generators from GEC Alstom		[1]
Cilacap	PT. Sumber Segara Primadaya (IPP)	Karangkandri	Cilacap	Central Java	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 300	600	Boiler supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd	07°40′31.20″S 109°05′47.40″E
Cilacap Adipala coal-fired	PT. Indonesia Power	Adipala	Cilacap	Central Java	Government	Java-Bali	1 x 660	660	Boiler supplied by Shanghai Electric Corp. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Shanghai Electric Corp. Ltd		[4]
Cirebon coal-fired	PT. Cirebon Electric Power (IPP)	Kanci Kulon	Cirebon	West Java	Private	Java-Bali	1 x 660	660	Boiler, Turbines and Generators supplied by Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd.	6.7704°S 108.6151°E	[4]
Indramayu coal-fired	PT. PLN	Sumur Adem	Indramayu	West Java	Government	Java-Bali	3 x 330	990	Boiler supplied by Babcock & Wilcox Beijing Co., Turbines and Generators supplied by Beijing Beizhong		[4]
Labuan coal-fired	PT. Indonesia Power	Labuan	Pandeglang	Banten	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 300	600	Boiler supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd
Labuhan Angin coal-fired	PT. PLN	Labuhan Angin	Central Tapanuli	North Sumatra	Government	Sumatra	2 x 115	230	Boiler supplied by China National Electric Equipment Corporation Corp. Ltd. (CNEEC), Turbines and Generators supplied by China National Electric Equipment Corporation Corp. Ltd. (CNEEC)		[5]
Lontar coal-fired	PT. Indonesia Power	Lontar, Teluk Naga	Tangerang	Banten	Government	Java-Bali	3 x 315	945	Boiler supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd
Ombilin coal-fired	PT. PLN	Ombilin	Sawahlunto	West Sumatra	Government	Sumatra	2 x 100	200	Boiler from Stein, Turbines and generators from GEC Alstom		[1]
Pacitan coal-fired	PT. PLN	Sukorejo	Pacitan	East Java	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 315	630	Boiler supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd		[4]
Paiton	PT. Paiton Energy (IPP)	Paiton	Probolinggo	East Java	Private	Java-Bali	2 x 670, 2 x 610, 1 x 850	2,300	Boiler supplied by ABB, Turbines and Generators supplied by GE		[4]
Paiton (PLN) coal-fired	PT. PLN	Paiton	Probolinggo	East Java	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 400	800	Boiler from ABB Combustion Engineering, Turbines and generators from Toshiba	7.7155°S 113.5849°E	[2]
Pelabuhan Ratu coal-fired	PT. Indonesia Power	Pelabuhan Ratu	Sukabumi	West Java	Government	Java-Bali	3 x 350	1050	Boiler supplied by Shanghai Electric Corp. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Shanghai Electric Corp. Ltd		[6]
Rembang coal-fired	PT. PLN	Sluke	Rembang	Central Java	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 315	630	Boiler supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Dongfang Electric Corp. Ltd	06°38′18.21″S 111°28′27.41″E	[4]
Suralaya Baru coal-fired	PT. Indonesia Power	Suralaya	Cilegon	Banten	Government	Java-Bali	1 x 625	625	Boiler from Shanghai Co. Ltd, Turbines and generators from Shanghai Co. Ltd	5.892°N 106.03°E	[3][4]
Suralaya coal-fired	PT. Indonesia Power	Suralaya	Cilegon	Banten	Government	Java-Bali	4 x 400 3 x 600	3,400	Boiler from Babcock & Wilcox Canada, Turbines from MHI Japan; generators from Mitsubishi Electric Co.
Tanjung Jati-B I coal-fired	PT. Central Java Power (IPP)	Bangsri	Jepara	East Java	Private	Java-Bali	2 x 662	1,320	Boiler supplied by Babcock & Wilcox, Turbines and Generators supplied by Toshiba		[4]
Tanjung Jati-B II coal-fired	PT. Central Java Power (IPP)	Bangsri	Jepara	East Java	Private	Java-Bali	2 x 662	1,320	Boiler supplied by Mitsubishi Heavy Industry, Turbines and Generators supplied by Toshiba		[4]
Tarahan coal-fired	PT. PLN	Tarahan	South Lampung	Lampung	Government	Sumatra	2 x 100	200	Boiler supplied by Jinan Co. Ltd, Turbines and Generators supplied by Wuhan Co. Ltd
Total							50	18,630

Proposed or under construction

Power station	Operator	Location	District	Province	Sector	Region	Capacity per Unit (MW)	Installed Capacity (MW)	Remarks and Plant Coordinates
Central Java coal-fired (by the end of 2016)	PT. Bhimasena Power Indonesia	Ujungnegoro	Batang	Central Java	Private	Java-Bali	2 x 1000	2,000	[7]
Tanjung Awar-Awar coal-fired	PT. PLN	Kaliuntu	Tuban	East Java	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 350	700	Boiler supplied by Babcock & Wilcox Beijing Co. Turbines and generators supplied by Beijing Beizhong
Madura coal-fired	PT. PLN		Pamekasan	East Java	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 100	200
Bojonegara coal-fired	PT. PLN	Bojonegara	Cilegon	Banten	Government	Java-Bali	3 x 740	2,220
Tanjung Jati-A coal-fired	PT. Bakrie Power	Cirebon	Cirebon	West Java	Private	Java-Bali	2 x 660	1,320
Nusa Penida coal-fired	PT. PLN		Nusa Penida	Bali	Government	Java-Bali	2 x 100	200
Anyer coal-fired	PT. PLN	Anyer		Banten	Government	Java-Bali	1 x 330	330
Kuala Tanjung coal-fired	PT. Ranyza Energi	Kuala Tanjung		South Sumatra	Private	Sumatra	2 x 112	224
Banjarsari coal-fired	PT. Bukit Pembangkit Innovative	Banjarsari	Lahat	South Sumatra	Private	Sumatra	2 x 100	200
Banyuasin coal-fired	PT. Banyuasin Power Energy	Banyuasin	Banyuasin	South Sumatra	Private	Sumatra	2 x 100	200
Baturaja coal-fired	PT. Priamanaya Power Energi	Baturaja	Ogan Komering Ulu	South Sumatra	Private	Sumatra	2 x 100	200
Simpang Belimbing coal-fired	PT. GH EMMI	Gunung Raja	Muara Enim	South Sumatra	Private	Sumatra	2 x 150	300
Arahan coal-fired	PT. PLN	Arahan	Muara Enim	South Sumatra	Government	Sumatra	4 x 600	2,400
Central Bangko coal-fired	PT. BA & CHD (China)[11]	Bangko Tengah	Muara Enim	South Sumatra	Private	Sumatra	4 x 620	2,480
Tanjung coal-fired	PT. PLN	Tanjung	Tabalong	South Kalimantan	Government	Kalimantan	2 x 55	110
Total							34	13,084

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Indonesia]

First coal-fired power plant in Singapore limits emissions

The Straits Times

Monday 25 February 2013 

 

Singapore’s first utility plant to burn coal will be opened officially next Wednesday - although it has been operational since August.

The first stage of Tuas Power’s $2 billion Tembusu Multi-Utilities Complex on Jurong Island burns low-sulphur coal, palm kernel shells, wood chips, natural gas and diesel to supply steam and electricity to industries here.


 [http://www.eco-business.com/news/first-coal-fired-power-plant-in-singapore-limits-emissions/]

 

 

Coal Specification for Kapar

KEV Power Station

Kapar Energy Venture (KEV) is a coal fired IPP situated in the district of Klang, Selangor. It is partially owned by TNB but operated as a full fledged IPP. The Power Station has a capacity of 1600MW of coal fired generation capacity consisting of two Units of 300MW each and two Units of 500MW each. KEV utilises bituminous coals only and the plant is equipped with ESP. KEV’s coal receiving facility is designed to unload vessels of up to Panamax sizes, where the site has access to deep water of 13 m draft during high tide.

[http://www.tnb.com.my/tnbf/Attachment_B.php]

List of coal-fired plants in Malaysia

Coal-fired (or combined gas/coal)

List of coal-fired plants in Malaysia

Plant	State	Coordinates	MW	Type	Owner/operator	Refs
Jimah Power Station	Negri Sembilan at Lukut	2°35′11″N 101°43′21″E	1,400	Thermal (2 ST)	Jimah Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd	[14]
Manjung Power Station	Perak at Manjung	4°9′44″N 100°38′48″E	2,295	Thermal (3 ST)	TNB Janamanjung Sdn Bhd	[14]
Mukah Power Station	Sarawak	2°55′56″N 112°11′32″E	270	Thermal (2 ST)		[14] [15]
PPLS Power Generation Plant	Sarawak in Kuching		110	Thermal (2 units)	PPLS Power Generation, a subsidiary of Sarawak Energy Berhad
Sejingkat Power Corporation Plant	Sarawak at Kuching		100	Thermal	Sejingkat Power Corporation Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of Sarawak Energy Berhad	[14]
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Power Station	Selangor at Kapar	3°7′1″N 101°19′1″E	2,420	Thermal (6 ST), open cycle (2 GT), natural gas and coal with oil backup	Kapar Energy Ventures Sdn Bhd
Tanjung Bin Power Station	Johor at Pontian	1°20′3″N 103°32′55″E	2,100	Thermal (3 ST)	Tanjong Bin Power Sdn Bhd, a subsidiary of Malakoff	[14]

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Malaysia]

The top 10 biggest thermal power plants in India

More than 65% of India's electricity generation capacity comes from thermal power plants, with about 85% of the country's thermal power generation being coal-based. The 10 biggest thermal power stations operating in India are all coal-fired, with seven of them owned and operated by state-run National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC). Power-technology.com profiles India's 10 biggest thermal power plants by installed capacity.

[ http://www.power-technology.com/features/feature-the-top-10-biggest-thermal-power-plants-in-india/]

Manjung Coal-Fired Power Plant, Perak, Malaysia

The Manjung coal-fired power plant, sponsored by Tenaga Janamanjung, is located on a man-made island off the coast of Perak in Malaysia. It generates 2,100MW from its three 700MW units.

The plant is located 4.5m above sea level, making coal imports easier. Construction began in September 1999 and the three 700MW units became operational in 2004.

The project suffered some delay as a result of the 1997/98 Asian economic crisis. It was completed at a cost of about $1.8bn.

The plant was built to meet the 80% electricity demand of Malaysia on natural gas. The three 700MW units, with a rotating speed of 3,000rpm, use clean coal combustion technology and environmental control systems provided by Alstom to cut down emission levels.

 [http://www.power-technology.com/projects/manjung/]

Type of Coal

Type of Coal

Initially the peat is converted into lignite or 'brown coal' - these are coal-types with low organic maturity. In comparison to other coals, lignite is quite soft and its colour can range from dark black to various shades of brown.
Over many more millions of years, the continuing effects of temperature and pressure produces further change in the lignite, progressively increasing its organic maturity and transforming it into the range known as 'sub-bituminous' coals. Further chemical and physical changes occur until these coals became harder and blacker, forming the 'bituminous' or 'hard coals'.
Under the right conditions, the progressive increase in the organic maturity can continue, finally forming anthracite.
In addition to carbon, coals contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and varying amounts of sulphur. High-rank coals are high in carbon and therefore heat value, but low in hydrogen and oxygen. Low-rank coals are low in carbon but high in hydrogen and oxygen content. Different types of coal also have different uses.

Coal formation

Coal formation

All living plants store solar energy through a process known as photosynthesis. When plants die, this energy is usually released as the plants decay. Under conditions favourable to coal formation, the decaying process is interrupted, preventing the release of the stored solar energy. The energy is locked into the coal.
Coal formation began during the Carboniferous Period - known as the first coal age - which spanned 360 million to 290 million years ago. The build-up of silt and other sediments, together with movements in the earth's crust - known as tectonic movements - buried swamps and peat bogs, often to great depths. With burial, the plant material was subjected to high temperatures and pressures. This caused physical and chemical changes in the vegetation, transforming it into peat and then into coal.

[http://www.worldcoal.org/coal/what-coal]